Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)

What is Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)?

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is a rare immune disorder. It causes small blood vessels in the skin, joints, kidneys, and digestive tract to become inflamed. This leads to a range of symptoms, including a rash, joint pain, abdominal pain, and blood in the stool or urine.

HSP is most common in children between the ages of 2 and 11. It is slightly more common in boys than girls.

What Causes HSP?

The exact cause of HSP is unknown. However, it is thought to be triggered by an immune reaction to a recent infection, such as a streptococcal infection (strep throat).

What are the Symptoms of HSP?

The symptoms of HSP can vary from person to person. The most common symptoms include:

• A rash: The rash associated with HSP is typically made up of small, red or purple spots that do not blanch (turn white) when pressure is applied. The rash can appear on the legs, buttocks, arms, and face.
• Joint pain: Joint pain is another common symptom of HSP. The pain is typically worse in the knees, ankles, and elbows.
• Abdominal pain: Abdominal pain is a common symptom of HSP. The pain is typically cramping in nature and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
• Blood in the stool or urine: Blood in the stool or urine is a sign that the kidneys are involved. This can be a serious complication of HSP.

How is HSP Diagnosed?

HSP is diagnosed based on a physical examination and a review of the patient’s medical history. The doctor may also order blood tests, urine tests, and a stool test to confirm the diagnosis.

How is HSP Treated?

There is no cure for HSP. Treatment is focused on relieving the symptoms and preventing complications. Treatment may include:

• Rest: Rest is important for helping the body to heal.
• Pain relievers: Pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can be used to relieve joint pain and abdominal pain.
• Anti-inflammatory medications: Anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids, can be used to reduce inflammation and swelling.
• Immunosuppressants: Immunosuppressants are medications that suppress the immune system and may be used to treat severe cases of HSP.

What is the Prognosis for HSP?

The prognosis for HSP is generally good. Most children recover completely within a few weeks or months. However, some children may experience long-term problems, such as kidney damage or chronic joint pain.

How can HSP be Prevented?

There is no known way to prevent HSP. However, early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent complications.

Conclusion

HSP is a rare immune disorder that can cause a range of symptoms, including a rash, joint pain, abdominal pain, and blood in the stool or urine. The exact cause of HSP is unknown, but it is thought to be triggered by an immune reaction to a recent infection. Treatment is focused on relieving the symptoms and preventing complications. The prognosis for HSP is generally good, but some children may experience long-term problems.