Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Children, Infants

Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Children and Infants: What Parents Need to Know

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has raised concerns for parents about the health of their children. While children and infants are generally less likely to develop severe symptoms from COVID-19 than adults, they can still become infected and spread the virus to others.

How COVID-19 Affects Children and Infants

Most children and infants who get COVID-19 have mild symptoms, such as:

• Fever
• Cough
• Runny nose
• Sore throat
• Fatigue

Some children may also experience gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting and diarrhea.

In severe cases, COVID-19 can lead to pneumonia, respiratory failure, and even death. However, this is rare in children.

How is COVID-19 Spread?

COVID-19 is spread through contact with respiratory droplets, which are produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby. They can also be inhaled into the lungs.

Children and infants can spread COVID-19 to others, even if they do not have symptoms. This is why it is important to take precautions to prevent the spread of the virus, even if your child is healthy.

How to Protect Children and Infants from COVID-19

There are several things you can do to protect your children and infants from COVID-19, including:

• Washing your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
• Using hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol if soap and water are not available.
• Avoiding touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth.
• Staying home if you are sick.
• Covering your cough or sneeze with a tissue or your elbow.
• Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that are frequently touched, such as doorknobs, countertops, and toys.
• Limiting contact with people who are sick.
• Wearing a face mask in public places where social distancing is difficult to maintain.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If your child has any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention immediately:

• Difficulty breathing
• Chest pain or pressure
• New confusion or inability to arouse
• Bluish lips or face
• Fever that lasts for more than 24 hours
• Severe vomiting or diarrhea

Treatment for COVID-19 in Children and Infants

There is no specific treatment for COVID-19. Treatment is supportive and may include:

• Rest
• Fluids
• Pain relievers
• Antibiotics, if there is a bacterial infection

In severe cases, children and infants may need to be hospitalized for oxygen therapy or other supportive care.

Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in Childcare Settings

Childcare settings can be a breeding ground for COVID-19, as children and infants are in close contact with each other and with staff. To prevent the spread of the virus in these settings, it is important to:

• Screen children and staff for symptoms of COVID-19 before they enter the facility.
• Enforce social distancing measures, as much as possible.
• Require children and staff to wear face masks.
• Clean and disinfect surfaces frequently.
• Wash hands frequently.
• Stay home if you are sick.

The Bottom Line

COVID-19 is a serious illness, but it is important to remember that children and infants are generally less likely to develop severe symptoms than adults. By taking precautions to prevent the spread of the virus, you can help to protect your child and others.