Hands-Only CPR for Adults: Step-by-Step Instructions

Hands-Only CPR for Adults: A Life-Saving Technique for the Unconscious and Not Breathing

Introduction

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a crucial first aid technique that can save the life of a person who has stopped breathing and their heart has stopped beating. When encountering such a situation, immediate action is essential. Hands-only CPR, a simplified version of traditional CPR, offers a quick and effective method for lay rescuers to perform life-saving interventions without the need for mouth-to-mouth breathing.

When to Perform Hands-Only CPR

Hands-only CPR should be initiated when you find an adult who:

• Is unresponsive and does not breathe normally (no chest rise or gasping)
• Does not respond to verbal stimuli (e.g., calling their name loudly)
• Does not move or react to painful stimuli (e.g., pinching their arm)

Steps of Hands-Only CPR

1. Call for Help

If possible, have someone call for emergency medical services (EMS) immediately. If you are alone, perform the following steps while calling EMS on speakerphone.

2. Position the Person

Place the person on their back on a firm, flat surface, such as a concrete floor or the ground.

3. Check for Breathing

Look, listen, and feel for breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If you do not see chest rise, hear breathing sounds, or feel breath on your cheek, begin CPR.

4. Position Your Hands

Place the heel of one hand on the center of the person’s chest, between the nipples. Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand and interlock your fingers.

5. Push Fast and Hard

Push straight down on the chest at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. Each compression should be about 2 inches (5 centimeters) deep. Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression.

6. Continue CPR

Continue performing chest compressions until:

• EMS arrives
• An automated external defibrillator (AED) becomes available and can be used
• The person shows signs of life (e.g., breathing, coughing, or movement)

7. Use an AED if Available

If an AED is available, follow the device’s instructions to deliver an electrical shock if indicated.

Importance of Hands-Only CPR

Hands-only CPR has several advantages over traditional CPR:

• Ease of Learning and Performance: It is easier to learn and perform, making it accessible to a broader range of people.
• Reduces Transmission of Infection: By eliminating mouth-to-mouth breathing, it minimizes the risk of transmitting infections.
• Increases Effectiveness: Hands-only CPR has been shown to be as effective as traditional CPR in improving survival rates.
• Reduces Barriers to Help: By removing the need for mouth-to-mouth contact, it reduces psychological barriers that may prevent some people from performing CPR.

Limitations of Hands-Only CPR

It is important to note that hands-only CPR is not appropriate in all situations. Traditional CPR, which includes mouth-to-mouth breathing, should still be performed in the following cases:

• Children under the age of 8 years
• Drowning victims
• People who have suffered a head or neck injury
• People who have a known airway obstruction

Training and Certification

While hands-only CPR is easier to learn than traditional CPR, it is still recommended to receive formal training and certification. Training can provide valuable insights into recognizing and responding to cardiac emergencies, proper technique, and how to transition to traditional CPR if necessary.

Conclusion

Hands-only CPR is a life-saving technique that can be performed by anyone who knows the basic steps. By providing immediate chest compressions, it increases the chances of survival for people who have suffered a sudden cardiac arrest. Knowing how to perform hands-only CPR is an invaluable skill that can equip individuals to make a difference in the face of an emergency. Remember that every second counts in a cardiac emergency, and by taking action, you can help save a life.